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The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health is today (June 3) investigating a confirmed case of invasive meningococcal infection, a communicable disease transmitted by direct contact with droplets from carriers or infected persons.
The case involves a 56-year-old man, with underlying illnesses, who has presented with fever, chills, rigor, dizziness, shortness of breath and diarrhoea since May 30. He was found to have loss of consciousness on May 31 and was sent to the Accident and Emergency Department of Queen Mary Hospital (QMH), where he was directly admitted to the Intensive Care Unit on the same day. He died later at night.
His blood sample collected on May 31 tested positive for Neisseria meningitidis by QMH. His clinical diagnosis was meningococcaemia.
Preliminary investigation by the CHP showed that the patient had no recent travel history. His son had recent upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and diarrhoea with stable condition. The other home contact has remained asymptomatic.
The CHP's investigation is continuing.
This is the fourth confirmed case of invasive meningococcal infection reported to the CHP this year. Five cases were filed each in 2015 and 2014.
"Meningococcal infection is caused by a bacterium known as meningococcus. It is mainly transmitted by direct contact through respiratory secretions, including droplets from the nose and throat, from infected persons. The incubation period varies from two to 10 days, and is commonly three or four days," a spokesman for the CHP said.
The clinical picture may vary. Severe illness may result when the bacteria invades the bloodstream (meningococcaemia) or the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord (meningococcal meningitis).
Meningococcaemia is characterised by sudden onset of fever, intense headache, purpura, shock and even death in severe cases. Meningococcal meningitis is characterised by high fever, severe headache and stiff neck followed by drowsiness, vomiting, fear of bright light, or a rash. It can cause brain damage or even death. The brain damage may lead to intellectual impairment, mental retardation, hearing loss and electrolyte imbalance. Invasive meningococcal infections can be complicated by arthritis, inflammation of the heart muscle, inflammation of the posterior chamber of the eye or chest infection.
Meningococcal infection is a serious illness. Patients should be treated promptly with antibiotics.
To prevent meningococcal infection, members of the public are advised to take heed of the following measures:
* Wash hands with liquid soap and water properly, especially when they are dirtied by respiratory secretions, e.g. after sneezing, and clean hands with alcohol-based handrub when they are not visibly soiled;
* Cover the nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing, hold the spit with tissue, dispose of nasal and mouth discharge in a lidded rubbish bin, and wash hands immediately;
* Avoid crowded places;
* Avoid close contact with patients who have fever or severe headache;
* Travellers to high-risk areas may consult doctors for meningococcal vaccination; and
* Travellers returning from high-risk areas should seek medical advice if they become ill and should discuss their recent travel history with their doctor.
The public may visit the CHP's website (www.chp.gov.hk/en/content/9/24/2086.html) for more information on meningococcal infection.
Ends/Friday, June 3, 2016
Issued at HKT 18:07
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