Volume 4

evidence - substantial receipts of money - lack of evidence as to whether taxpayer was carrying on a trade or business - inferences to be drawn  

mistake by tax representative alleged - need for evidence  

error - power to correct assessment - whether correction could be made to an assessment issued as a result of an agreement or compromise between the taxpayer and the IRD - s 70A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

meaning of 'including' - whether this extends meaning of preceding words or limits them - s l6(l) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

principles of interpretation of statutes - whether Board can speculate as to the legislature's intention if words of a statute are clear  

calculation of tax undercharged due to late return - whether payment made pursuant to estimated assessment could be taken into account - s 82A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

whether penalties excessive - relevance of ignorance of obligations and financial hardship - s 82A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

whether penalty excessive - general yardstick for calculation of penalties - s 82A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

whether penalty excessive - statement of relevant criteria - s 82A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

whether penalty excessive - statement of relevant criteria: taxpayer's sophistication, cooperation and wilfulness - s 82A of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

commission payments - casual receipts - whether taxpayer was carrying on a trade or business - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

deductions - interest - apportionment of interest expenses incurred to produce assessable and non-assessable profits - use of formula - s l6(l)(a) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

deductions - interest - intra-group borrowing where lender not subject to Hong Kong tax on interest received - whether interest costs deductible to borrower - ss l6(l) and 16(2) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

deductions - interest - whether s 16(2) exclusively regulated the allowance of deductions for interest - ss l6(l) and 16(2) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

joint venture - whether profits were trading gains or realization of capital - whether joint venturers can have different intentions and tax positions - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

rental income derived by individual - whether profits from a business - whether subject to profits tax - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

sale of flats - whether profits were trading gains or realization of capital - evidential factor: sale due to low rate of return as a result of rising property market - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance   

sale of flats acquired on roll-over of a capital asset - whethersuch assets are themselves capital assets - whether profits were tradinggains or realization of capital - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

sale of land - development of premises held as capital assets - original intention to sell the development property - whether profits were trading gains or realization of capital - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

sale of premises - whether losses were of a trading or capital nature - distinction between objective and subjective tests for determining taxpayer's original intention - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance

sale of premises - whether losses were of a trading or capital nature - evidential matters: failure to register business and file profits tax returns, large mortgage commitment, lack of written agreement between taxpayers, purchase during property boom and lack of intention to reside in premises - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance

source of profits - fees from offshore licensing activities - whether profits arose in or derived from Hong Kong - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

source of profits - trading in goods - discussion of appropriate tests for determining source - taxpayer based in Hong Kong but performing activities outside Hong Kong - whether profits arose in or derived from Hong Kong - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance   

trade or business - whether company is more likely to be carrying on trade or business than an individual - s 14 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance  

rental income derived by an individual - whether profits from a business - whether subject to property tax  

source of employment income - taxpayer employed in Hong Kong and sent overseas - whether income earned while overseas arose in or derived from Hong Kong - s 8(1) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance