Health Problems of the Elderly

Influenza is a viral infection characterized by the abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, cough, headache, muscle aches, runny nose, and general malaise. The most common route of infection is through the respiratory tract. It is usually a self-limiting disease with recovery in two to seven days. However, it can be a serious illness to the weak and frail elders, especially those with chronic diseases, and may be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, and even death in the most serious cases. Influenza occurs most commonly around January to March and July to August in Hong Kong. It can be caused by different types of viruses, with the more common strains being Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1.

Management of influenza

1. Maintain a balanced diet and drink adequate amount of water

2. Sufficient rest and sleep

3. Keep good indoor ventilation

4. Observe good personal hygiene, cover mouth while sneezing or coughing, and dispose sputum or secretions wrapped in tissue paper into rubbish bins. Since your hands may be contaminated with saliva or nasal secretions, always wash your hands thoroughly afterwards,

5. Wear mask to reduce transmission of the disease by droplets.

6. Consult your doctor early when influenza occurs with the following conditions:

   • in people with lower immunity status, e.g. children, elders and those with chronic diseases

   • prolonged or deteriorating symptoms, e.g. persistently high fever, cough with purulent sputum, develop shortness of breath, etc

Prevention of influenza

1. Adopt a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, adequate sleep, regular exercise and do not smoke
2. Ensure good indoor ventilation and avoid going to crowded public places during peak seasons of influenza
3. Influenza vaccination is an effective way of preventing complications of influenza among the high risk groups. Consult a doctor for advice.

Influenza vaccination programme

In 1999, The Department of Health provides free annual influenza vaccinations for elders living in subvented or private elderly homes so as to reduce outbreaks and protect the elderly from severe complications of the infection. In addition, since2003 our Elderly Health Centies will also provide free influenza vaccination for eligible members .Other elders may consult their family doctor on the influenza vaccination.

Related topics

Influenza Vaccination

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